Information
Level 4 Data summaries and links to related documents and reports
Silburn et al (2011) concluded that runoff was strongly influenced by surface cover and was high with low cover (30 – 50% of rainfall). Runoff averaged 35mm/year or 5.9% of rainfall with >50% cover. All soils fitted the same runoff-cover relationship. For all soils, erosion resulted in low sediment concentrations due to the hard-set surface soil, but total soil losses were high due to the large volumes of runoff generated.
Silburn II (2011) found that the use of a linear slope factor in the sediment concentration models was confirmed with data from plots with slopes 4-8%. Parameters for the bedload sediment concentration model were the same for SS, MS, and MSe soils. Parameters for the suspended sediment concentration model were the same for SS and MS soils, but the MSe soil had a greater efficiency of entrainment for bare soil (approximately double). The sediment concentration–cover relationships and fitted cover factors were different for suspended and bedload sediment. Thus, the resulting modelled proportion of sediment as suspended load changed with cover, from ~0.3 for bare soil to 0.9 at 80% cover, mimicking the measured data.
Silburn III (2011) concluded that the USLE LS (length–slope) factor explained the increase in measured average annual soil loss with slope, for plots with low cover. Erodibility (K) was 0.042 for SS and MS soils, K was 0.062 for exposed, decomposing mudstone (MSe Leptic Rudosol). The measured K factor for SS and MS soils was close to that used in catchment-wide soil loss estimation for the site (0.039).
Owens et al. (2003) found that total soil water prediction was very good using the Scanlan runoff sub-model (r21:1 = 0.88) and slightly improved using the modified model (r21:1 = 0.91). Soil water in the surface layer was predicted well, giving confidence in prediction of soil evaporation
Table 1. Mean annual runoff, erosion and water quality exploring the impact of slope and slope length in erosion quantities
Management Practice |
Cover % |
Slope length5 m |
Slope4 % |
LS2 |
Runoff mm |
Measured Soil loss t/ha |
Measured EMC 1 gm/L |
Normalised2 Soil loss t/ha |
Normalised EMC 3 gm/L |
Grazed |
<20 |
30.3 |
6.8 |
0.8 |
200 – 300 |
5-17 |
3-8.5 |
10-27 |
3-6.5 |
Tree plots, ungrazed |
>50 |
22.15 |
6.7 |
0.7 |
35 |
~1 |
0.5-1.5 |
~1 |
0.5-1.5 |
Open Ungrazed |
>76 |
15.65 |
7.9 |
0.7 |
<30 |
<0.5 |
~0.2 |
<0.5 |
~0.2 |
Key tables and figures extracted from data, literature and miscellaneous publications