Level 4 Data summaries and links to related documents and reports

Key findings

• High stubble levels reduce runoff even when rainfall is heavy.  In this example, stubble on the surface or buried was equally effective;
• Deep tillage increased the time before rain ran off, but once the surface was wet and ponds were filled, runoff increased quickly;
• A smooth rolled surface shed rain very quickly, with greater than half of the rain applied running off; and
• If stubble levels are low, runoff is inevitable when rain falls quickly.

Key tables and figures extracted from data, literature and miscellaneous publications

Various clippings

Level 1, level 2, level 3 and level 5